Plants are made up of small component such as cells, organs or tissue that can be manipulated to grow complete plants. Without molecular genetics and plant culture, it would be void to discuss genetic engineering as they are core to this. The technique of plant tissue culture involves placing a piece of plant such as embryo and dipping it in sterile nutrient median and the science behind it. This technique production of extra copies of plant, enhance maturity, enables production of plants without the use of seeds.  Gottlied Haberlandt reported the culture of leaf mesophyll tissue and hair cells (Sugiyama 1999). This happed close to the end of 20^th century was the first successful cell culture and plant tissue. He drew the ideas from the previous researches and knowledge on biology of plants. The cells cultured by Habertlandat did not divide and hence no fruits were achieved. It was possible that plant growth regulators (plant hormones) which are necessary during cell division, proliferation and embryo induction were absent in the culture medium. He was frustrated by this but his ideas have been used by other scientists. One of his students reported the growth of isolated root tips on a medium consisting medium salts (Sugiyama 1999).

In the 1930s there was a progress in innovative plant tissue culture techniques after the B vitamins and natural auxin were discovered as a necessity in the growth of isolated tissues that contain meristem. Walden and Wingender (1995) reported thiamine as promoting growth on isolated tomato root tips. The first PGR, indoleacetic acid (IAA) was discovered after a series of ingenious experiments with Oat seedlings. IAA occurs naturally and is a member of auxins which is a class of PGR.  The IAA stimulated growth in excised roots. Later there were several reported successful cases of plant culture but the progress was disrupted by world war two.  Johannes and associates obtained seedlings by enriching culture media with milk obtained from coconut, usual salts, vitamin and other nutrients. Organs were formed from cultured tissues and organs as demonstrated (Fowler, 2000). Citokinins such as adenine and kinetin were discovered to have vitro shoot-promoting effects for the rapid propagation of plants. This was so especially for the very important agronomic and horticultural cultivators. (Walden et al, 1995)

Gamborg (2002) investigated the culture of embryogenesis tissue. In order to fulfil Haberlandt’s objectives, root tips were to lead to organogenesis.  Lainbch obtain hybrids after the maturity of culture medium. He isolated zygote embryos from non-viable seed of linum perenne x L austriacum and raised zygote embryos. The process of plant tissue culture includes: nutrient medium preparation, explants isolation, equipment and explants sterilisation including sterilisation of the medium, inoculation, incubation, hardening and the establishment of the plant in the field.