Artificial Intelligence (AI) is generally identified as the discipline focused on investigating how to make computers perform tasks that involve intelligence when carried out by human beings. Through its short modern history AI has had succeed to particular extent, mostly in restricted, or basic, areas. There has been a diversity of AI programs, which have effected other technological and scientific innovations. Nevertheless, when five decades after the foundation of AI have passed, the science has unfortunately showed itself as one having achieved insufficiently significant development, and initial optimism regarding the achievement of intelligence of human level has turned into an understanding of the deepness and complexity of the set mission. Progress continued to be made however.

The history of artificial intelligence commenced in the remote past; its origins can be found as early as in ancient Egypt. There have always existed legends, tales and stories of artificial life forms provided with awareness or intelligence by their creators. The notion of a “thinking machine” can be traced back to 2500 B.C., when the Egyptians turned to “talking” statues for spiritual guidance. Beginning with Aristotle, philosophers, one by one, have endeavored to explain and illustrate the course of action of human thinking as the automatic operation involving symbols. This ideas eventually resulted in the creation of the digital computer controlled by an electronic program in the 1940s, a device generated from the conceptual essence of mathematical analysis. This machine and the notions behind it encouraged a number of scientists to start seriously pondering and working on the prospect of constructing a computerized brain. With the invention of the electronic computer in 1941, the tools finally became accessible to produce machine intelligence.

Artificial intelligence as a field of research was brought into being at a conference taking place on the grounds of Dartmouth College in the summer of 1956. Those present at the conference had become the selected few leaders of AI studies for years to come. Since then Artificial Intelligence as an area of scientific research has been developing due to the theories and laws elaborated by its devoted examiners. However, with time it became apparent that they had significantly undervalued the complexity of the undertaking. In 1973 the ongoing pressure from congress, and the additional disapproval of Sir James Lighthill, British applied mathematician, famous for his revolutionary work in the field of aeroacoustics, eventually resulted into the U.S. and British Governments stopping to fund subsidiary research of AI. Soon after that, however, in 1980 an imaginative initiative by the Japanese Government stimulated governments and business to supply AI with millions of dollars. At the end of 80s the financiers once again became disappointed and withdraw funding. In fact, the entire history of AI development is a cycle of rise and fall, and nowadays the situation is still unstable.

“Mainstream thinking in psychology regards human intelligence not as a single ability or cognitive process but rather as an array of separate components. Research in AI has focused chiefly on the following components of intelligence: learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language-understanding” (Copeland). Artificial Intelligence can be characterized as an imitation of human intelligence methods by machines, particularly computer programs. This field has always been the one typified by intricate research in laboratory environment setting and only lately has become related to technology in terms of commercial purposes. There have always been numerous debates regarding the set of ideas that lie at the core of Artificial Intelligence and its place in the modern reality. Nowadays, when utilizing Internet and PC is as common as watching TV, when we no longer realize our daily routine without these once unbelievably fantastic and inaccessible technological assets, people start asking the question “What is next?